Natural killer (NK) cells are members of the innate immune system which are known to mediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) unrestricted cytotoxicity against virally infected and neoplastic cells. Besides their ability to kill target cells directly, NK cells are also known to be potent immune modulators with the ability to produce abundant cytokines capable of modulating immune [...]
Sea buckthorn oil contains relatively higher carotenoids than other fruits. Studies have shown significant differences in terms of the composition and content of carotenoids due to the genetic variation, geographic location, growing conditions, stage of maturity when harvested, storage conditions, and methods of analysis. Carotenoid composition of sea buckthorn oil. No. Compound Carotenoid Concentration mg/100 g a [...]
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is well known all over for its valuable berries. Nevertheless, presently not only berries, but also leaves contain nutritionally beneficial hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. Additionally, It was reported that not only leaves, but also other vegetative parts, e.g. shoots, may be used as a valuable source of phenolic compounds. Those bio-compounds, especially tocopherols and tocotrienols, are [...]
Proanthocyanidins(PACs) are the most abundant polyphenols in human diets. Many studies have showed that PACs exhibit a wide range of effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, anti-arthritic, anti-cancer and regulation of glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. Considering their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, PACs are expected to play a significant role in preventing retinal degeneration. In our study, sea [...]
Sea buckthorn fruits, seeds and other parts are highly valuable because they contain high content of vitamins A, B1, B12, C, E, K and P; flavonoids, lycopene, carotenoids, and phytosterols. Therapeutically important because they are rich with potent antioxidants. These compounds possess biological and therapeutic activities including antioxidant, cardiovascular, cancer therapy, healing, anti-inflammation, antiradiation effect, treatment [...]
Sea buckthorn fruits have a unique flavor that cannot be compared to the flavor of any other berry. As mentioned previously, the chemical composition of sea buckthorn is influenced by several factors, such as genotype, degree of maturity, weather conditions, growth location and latitude, and harvest date and, consequently, the sea buckthorn flavor is conditioned by [...]
Vitamin C Vitamin C(ascorbic acid) is the most important therapeutic constituent in sea buckthorn berry, as it acts as an antioxidant and supports the integrity of the cell membrane. It has been found in practically all parts of the sea buckthorn plant: in berries juice (11.6–13.0 g/kg), in seeds (1.5 g/kg), and in leaves (up to 3.7 [...]
Carotenoids The pulp of sea buckthorn fruits is rich in large quantities of various carotenoids, which act as an antioxidant and helping to synthesize and epithelialize collagen. The total amount and the occurrence of different types of carotenoids is highly variable depending of the genetic origin, conditions of cultivation, climate, and harvesting time. A total carotenoid content [...]
Organic Acids Sea buckthorn berries contain organic acids, mainly malic acid and quinic acid, which together compose approximately 90% of all fruit acids of different origins. Large variations exist between the concentrations of sea buckthorn acids of different origins. The subspecies of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. from Russia showed relatively low concentrations of total acidity (2.1–3.2 g/100 mL), the Finnish were at [...]
Various parts of sea buckthorn plant are rich in protein. Approximately 15% protein are found in sea buckthorn leaves, that’s why they are used as an unconventional source of protein in human food. Distribution of protein in sea buckthorn berry varies widely in particular parts, the sea buckthorn seeds being considered a unique protein source. In Mongolian wild [...]